Microplásticos em Squamata (lagartos, anfisbenas e serpentes): Uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-9432.2026v5n7p159-192Palavras-chave:
Ingestão, Exposição ambiental, Bioacumulação, Ecotoxicidade, Organismos terrestres, Impactos ambientaisResumo
Os microplásticos (MPs) são contaminantes emergentes de crescente preocupação ambiental e ecotoxicológica, devido à sua ampla distribuição e aos potenciais efeitos sobre os ecossistemas, a biodiversidade e os organismos. Os répteis constituem um grupo relevante para a investigação da contaminação ambiental, por apresentarem elevada diversidade taxonômica e ocuparem diferentes habitats, incluindo ambientes terrestres, dulcícolas e marinhos, estando potencialmente expostos aos MPs por diferentes vias. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a ocorrência de MPs em espécies da ordem Squamata, identificando padrões de contaminação e lacunas de conhecimento relacionadas aos ambientes, às matrizes biológicas e às vias de exposição. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada entre março e junho de 2026, utilizando as bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar e Periódicos CAPES. O processo de identificação, triagem e inclusão dos estudos foi estruturado de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA 2020. Foram identificados 392.717 registros nas bases selecionadas, dos quais apenas 13 artigos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os estudos foram publicados entre 2020 e 2025 e abrangeram seis países, com predominância de avaliações realizadas em espécies terrestres de Squamata. Verificou-se uma distribuição taxonômica desigual, com predominância de pesquisas sobre lagartos, seguidos por serpentes e anfisbenas, evidenciando uma menor representatividade dos diferentes grupos da ordem. O trato gastrointestinal foi a matriz biológica mais investigada, enquanto os protocolos metodológicos empregados apresentaram baixa padronização entre os estudos. Fibras e fragmentos foram as morfologias mais recorrentes, com identificação de diferentes polímeros, principalmente poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET), polietileno (PE) e polipropileno (PP). Os resultados evidenciam lacunas na investigação da ocorrência de MPs em Squamata, especialmente na América do Sul, além da necessidade de maior padronização metodológica e de estudos que aprofundem o conhecimento sobre as vias de exposição e os possíveis efeitos biológicos desses contaminantes. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de ampliar e aprofundar as pesquisas sobre a ocorrência e os potenciais impactos de MPs em Squamata.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Jessica Cristina Mendes de Oliveira, Nathália Santos Cruz Cabral Félix, Arthur Felipe Ferreira de Freitas, Artur Torquato Pereira de Souza, Gabriella Luisa Martins de Moura, Nicole Samico Guerra, Andrea Karla Pereira da Silva, Laureen Michelle Houllou, Múcio Luiz Banja Fernandes, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura
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