USO DA RISPERIDONA EM PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA)

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication, impairments in interpersonal interaction, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behavioral patterns, manifesting early in life and significantly impacting child development and quality of life. In the context of therapeutic management, risperidone, classified as a second-generation atypical antipsychotic, has been widely used to control behavioral symptoms associated with ASD, such as irritability, aggression, impulsivity, and self-injurious behaviors. This study consists of a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, aiming to gather and critically analyze scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of risperidone in pediatric patients with ASD. The search was carried out in PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, including studies published between 2019 and 2025 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, removing duplicates, and performing a full-text analysis, 15 studies were selected to compose the final sample. The findings indicate that risperidone demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing the main behavioral symptoms associated with ASD in pediatric patients, particularly irritability, aggression, and repetitive behaviors, contributing to improved social adaptation and overall functioning. However, relevant adverse effects were identified, including weight gain, sedation, metabolic changes, and hyperprolactinemia, highlighting the need for continuous and individualized clinical monitoring. Additionally, variability in therapeutic response was observed, influenced by factors such as dosage, duration of treatment, and individual patient characteristics. In this context, pharmaceutical care and multidisciplinary approaches play a fundamental role in promoting the rational use of risperidone, improving treatment adherence, enhancing therapeutic safety, and positively impacting quality of life. It is concluded that risperidone is an important therapeutic option for managing behavioral symptoms in pediatric patients with ASD, presenting consistent clinical efficacy; however, its use should be carefully monitored and integrated into a multidisciplinary approach to minimize risks and maximize therapeutic benefits.