FATORES PROGNÓSTICOS E SOBREVIDA DE PACIENTES DIAGNOSTICADOS COM CÂNCER COLORRETAL

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world population. Diagnosis is obtained through several methods, such as colonoscopy and stool DNA testing. In Brazil, studies indicate that the diagnosis of CRC is commonly performed in advanced stages of the disease in 55 to 70% of patients. Patient prognosis represents a variable with a strong correlation with the anatomopathological staging of patients with CRC, and is considered the best indicator in clinical practice. Objective: To highlight the prognostic factors and survival of patients diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer. Method: This is an integrative literature review, an instrument of evidence-based practice. Initially, the following research question was formulated: “What is the evidence of the prognostic factors and survival of patients diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer?” Data analysis was obtained from the Virtual Health Library in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) databases. From the initial search, which took place from June to July 2024, ten (10) were consistent with the research question. Results and Discussion: The selected studies showed that the colorectal neoplastic location presents an important factor due to genetic and molecular particularities. The study also gathered evidence about the risk of death and recurrence of staging parameters, which is when it is in grade IV, presence of rectal tumor and metastasis in regional lymph nodes, whose mortality was higher in elderly people with BMI situated at low weight. Conclusion: It was found that the disease has a variety of clinical and pathophysiological aspects, causing a direct impact on the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, it is important to highlight that knowledge of these factors is essential to increase the chances of cure of patients.