Analysis of Strategies and Competencies in Tuberculosis Control in Brazil: An Integrated Approach

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis, one of the oldest known diseases, is caused by the Koch bacillus and predominantly affects the lungs, though it can manifest in other organs. The infection originates from individuals with active pulmonary tuberculosis and is transmitted through close and continuous contact. While most primary infections are asymptomatic and enter a latent phase, some cases progress to active and transmissible disease. This study addresses the strategies and responsibilities of different government levels in controlling tuberculosis in Brazil, with a focus on the National Tuberculosis Control Program (PNCT). METHODOLOGY: A detailed review of official documents, such as the Manual of Recommendations and normative materials from the Ministry of Health, was conducted. Additionally, a qualitative analysis of the responsibilities of each government level and an assessment of available epidemiological data were performed. The review of scientific literature helped contextualize the findings within current practices. DEVELOPMENT: The results reveal that effective coordination between federal, state, and municipal levels is crucial for tuberculosis control. The federal level is responsible for formulating standards, providing resources, and coordinating research and epidemiological monitoring. The state level manages and supervises surveillance and control actions, while the municipal level directly implements prevention and treatment strategies, including active case finding and supervised treatment. The analysis highlights the importance of integration and collaboration among government levels. It was found that epidemiological surveillance and strategic planning are essential for the effectiveness of actions. CONCLUSION: To effectively combat tuberculosis, it is necessary to strengthen primary care and ensure continuity of care through directly observed treatment (DOT), addressing local specificities and promoting more robust coordination between government levels.