SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: A REVIEW OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES

Abstract

The advent of minimally invasive techniques has significantly transformed the management of cardiovascular diseases, reflecting substantial advancements in technology and clinical practice. Among these techniques, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), robotic surgery, and catheter-based interventions have emerged as innovative approaches offering notable benefits compared to traditional methods. VATS, utilizing small incisions and a camera for visualization, has shown considerable advantages, including reduced hospitalization time, less postoperative pain, and quicker recovery. Robotic surgery provides enhanced precision and control through advanced robotic systems, leading to lower complication rates and faster recovery, though challenges such as high costs and specialized training persist. Catheter-based interventions, such as angioplasty and stent placement, have proven effective for treating coronary obstructions with minimal invasiveness, offering rapid recovery and reduced complication rates. Despite these benefits, challenges remain, including high costs and the need for specialized training, which may limit access to these technologies. Additionally, long-term outcomes of these techniques require further investigation. Future prospects include the integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, which could further enhance procedural precision and treatment personalization. Expanding access and reducing costs will be crucial for maximizing the benefits of these innovations in cardiovascular surgical practice.