EMERGÊNCIA E REEMERGÊNCIA DA FEBRE OROPOUCHE NO BRASIL

UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Abstract

The reemergence of arboviral diseases like Oropouche fever in Brazil underscores the need for research to inform public policies. Despite being the second most prevalent arboviral disease in the country, studies on Oropouche virus (OROV) remain scarce. Objective: To critically analyze the scientific literature on the emergence and reemergence of Oropouche fever (OF) in Brazil between 2020 and 2025, synthesizing evidence on epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects, as well as control and surveillance measures. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, with searches conducted in the BVS, SciELO, PubMed, Periodico-CAPES, and ScienceDirect databases. Original articles in Portuguese or English were included, while non-peer-reviewed articles and studies unrelated to the topic were excluded. Results: Of the 257 studies identified, 13 were analyzed. Findings revealed geographic expansion of OF into non-endemic regions, a significant increase in cases, the first records of vertical transmission, neurological complications, and fatalities in young adults. Factors such as deforestation, unplanned urbanization, climate change, and viral adaptations drove the reemergence. Additionally, clinical similarities with dengue and Zika contributed to underreporting and diagnostic errors. Conclusions: The reemergence of OF is associated with environmental, social, and virological determinants, necessitating integrated surveillance with predictive modeling, development of rapid diagnostics, and professional training.