PREVALÊNCIA DA TOXOPLASMOSE CONGÊNITA EM ÁREA DO NORDESTE DA AMAZÔNIA ATRAVÉS DA TRIAGEM NEONATAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-9432.2026v5n6p1059-1078Keywords:
Toxoplasmose congênita; Triagem neonatal; Amazônia.Abstract
PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN AN AREA OF THE NORTHEASTERN AMAZON VIA NEONATAL SCREENING
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Congenital toxoplasmosis, resulting from vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy, constitutes an important public health problem, and may cause miscarriage, prematurity, and neurological and ocular impairment in the newborn. Among the laboratory tests for diagnosis is neonatal screening, which in Brazil is supported by Law No. 14,154/2021, enabling early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, including in the State of Pará, in the Amazon, where environmental and sociocultural conditions favor greater population contact with T. gondii, making it now possible to investigate the prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis in a municipality of northeastern Pará, the objective of this study. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive, observational study with a quantitative approach, based on notifications between 2024–2025 recorded in official databases, referring to the municipality of Castanhal (PA). Prevalence was calculated as the ratio between confirmed cases and live births, multiplied by 1,000. Results: Eight cases of congenital toxoplasmosis were reported among 5,514 live births, corresponding to a cumulative prevalence of 1.45 cases per 1,000 live births (2.24/1,000 in 2024 and 0.71/1,000 in 2025). There was a predominance of cases among brown-skinned (pardo) newborns (62.5%) and female newborns (62.5%). Discussion: The findings corroborate the environmental conditions of the Amazon and the characteristics of the general population, supporting expectations of high prevalence associated with risk factors. There is a need to expand the study sample to the entire region, given the existence of underreporting. Conclusion: This study of an area in the northeastern Amazon reinforces congenital toxoplasmosis as a problem deserving greater epidemiological and environmental surveillance, strengthening health education for the entire population, ensuring access to prenatal care, and expanding neonatal screening. Knowledge of the spread of this condition throughout the region is important, providing pioneering data, including areas outside major metropolitan centers.
Keywords: Congenital toxoplasmosis; Neonatal screening; Amazon.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Bruna Souza Santos, Regina Célia Beltrão Duarte, Herbert Herbert Paulino Cordeiro, Phamella Belém Reis, Anderson Eudoxio Araujo, Joyce Corrêa Almeida e Almeida, Rômulo da Costa Freitas, Abias Wilker de Almeida Flexa, Jaqueline Medeiros Dias, Cléa Nazaré Carneiro Bichara
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