CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E QUIMIOMÉTRICA DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA E SUA CORRELAÇÃO COM DOENÇAS HÍDRICAS NA ZONA URBANA DE PATOS-PI

Abstract

The quality of water intended for human consumption is a determining factor in public health, particularly in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical quality of water consumed in the urban area of Patos do Piauí, comparing it with the water from the water supply source and investigating potential associations with waterborne diseases. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed at 62 sampling points distributed across the Centro and Areia Branca neighborhoods, in addition to four sampling points at the Poço do Marruá Dam. Structured questionnaires were also administered to residents to obtain information on water consumption, perceptions of water quality, and the occurrence of health-related conditions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results indicated that the water from the supply source complied with CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, whereas the distributed water generally met World Health Organization guidelines, with occasional variations, particularly in turbidity. PCA revealed that parameters associated with water mineralization were key determinants of data variability and also indicated the influence of the distribution system and household conditions. The questionnaires revealed a high dependence on the public water supply network and a predominantly positive perception of water quality, although symptoms compatible with waterborne diseases were reported. However, it was not possible to establish a direct causal relationship. The results indicate that the quality of consumed water results from the interaction among environmental, operational, and household factors, reinforcing the importance of continuous monitoring in semi-arid regions.