GLAUCOMA SECUNDÁRIO DE ÂNGULO ABERTO - DA FISIOPATOLOGIA AO TRATAMENTO: UM ARTIGO DE REVISÃO

Abstract

Introduction: Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, with its prevalence increasing due to the aging population. It is characterized by progressive optic neuropathies, resulting in optic disc cupping, retinal degeneration, and vision loss. Factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and abnormal ocular blood flow are related to its pathogenesis. While current treatment focuses on reducing IOP, it only slows disease progression without reversing existing damage. Secondary open-angle glaucoma has various etiologies and requires detailed investigation for effective treatment. Objective: To provide an updated overview of secondary open-angle glaucoma, including its pathophysiological mechanisms and available therapeutic options. Methodology: This research is an integrative literature review. Articles were selected from Medline via PubMed and Scielo databases using the following descriptors: secondary glaucoma, open angle, chronic secondary open-angle glaucoma, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Review articles, experimental studies, and clinical trials from the past five years were included. After reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts, five articles remained. Results and Discussion: Analysis of the articles revealed that secondary open-angle glaucoma causes increased IOP, which can lead to optic nerve damage and blindness. The main causes are pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, and corticosteroid-induced glaucoma. Diagnosis requires careful clinical history and specific tests. Treatment varies according to etiology, with infectious conditions and corticosteroid use potentially elevating IOP, necessitating rigorous treatment and monitoring.Conclusion: Glaucoma, due to its various etiologies, requires identifying the cause to guide treatment—whether through antiviral agents, surgery, or intravitreal anti-VEGF injections—in order to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent damage to the optic nerve. Given the irreversibility of the damage, early detection and treatment are crucial.