INNOVATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CORONARY DISEASE: CLINICAL CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, highlighting the need for continuous advancements in diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews recent innovations in imaging technologies, biomarkers, and therapies for coronary artery disease, aiming to assess their impact on clinical practice and identify areas for further development. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, including studies from the past five years accessed through databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Advances in imaging technologies, including coronary computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance, have significantly improved the accuracy in diagnosing atherosclerotic plaques and assessing myocardial perfusion. New biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity troponin, have facilitated earlier diagnoses and better risk stratification, with genetic biomarkers emerging as promising tools for personalized medicine. Furthermore, new pharmacological therapies, such as PCSK9 inhibitors, and improvements in interventions, including drug-eluting stents and angioplasty techniques, have shown efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events. Integrated approaches that combine various treatment modalities have positively impacted patients' quality of life and reduced hospital readmission rates. Integrated care models, supported by telemedicine technologies, offer significant potential to address challenges related to implementation and accessibility of new technologies. Despite the promising perspectives offered by recent advances, challenges such as costs and the need for specialized training still need to be addressed. The successful integration of these innovations will depend on overcoming these obstacles and the ongoing validation of emerging technologies. Future research should focus on long-term confirmation of these benefits and adapting clinical practices to optimize patient outcomes.