ESQUIZOFRENIA, TRANSTORNOS ESQUIZOTÍPICOS E DELIRANTES NO NORDESTE: ESTUDO DAS INTERNAÇÕES ENTRE 2019 E 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent disorder that has numerous consequences on behavioral, emotional, and social levels. Its most notable characteristics include distortions in thinking and alterations in sensory perceptions. Diagnosing schizophrenia is notoriously complex and challenging, often leading to hospitalizations. OBJECTIVE: To characterize hospitalizations by schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders, and delusional disorders in the Northeast region from 2019 to 2023. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative epidemiological study focused on hospitalizations by schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders, and delusional disorders in the Northeast region of Brazil, from January 2019 to December 2023. Data was collected from the SIH/SUS through DATASUS. Variables considered included region/federation unit, year/month of processing, age group, sex, color/race, total value, and type of care. Analysis and presentation of results were performed using Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. RESULTS: Between 2019 and 2023, there were 83,722 hospitalizations in the Northeast region of Brazil related to schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders, and delusional disorders. The highest number was recorded in 2023 with 17,861 cases, followed by a decrease in 2020, which had the lowest number. Ceará had the highest number of hospitalizations (18,391), while Sergipe had the lowest (2,598). Regarding sex, males were the most affected (64.20%), and the age group of 30 to 39 years was the most affected (26.54%). Self-declared mixed-race individuals were the most prevalent (57.24%). The total expenditure for the disease was R$ 208,044,900.21, and 88.68% of the cases were emergencies. CONCLUSION: The profile of hospitalizations indicates that most cases involve men aged 30 to 39 years, mixed-race individuals, and residents of Ceará. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on early detection and continuous treatment of mental disorders, ensuring access to qualified professionals and establishing a robust support network. These measures are essential to reduce hospitalizations and improve the life for patients.