IMPACTO DA SAÚDE MENTAL NA GRAVIDEZ E PÓS-PARTO E USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS DURANTE A GRAVIDEZ E LACTAÇÃO: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy and postpartum are periods of great change, and women can become more susceptible to mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Depression during these periods is common and its management is complex, especially when considering the use of antidepressants such as SSRIs. This study reviews the literature on mental health in pregnancy and postpartum, focusing on the safety and effectiveness of antidepressants and offering recommendations to improve the treatment of these disorders. Objective: The objective of this study is to review the literature on mental health during pregnancy and postpartum, focusing on the effectiveness and safety of antidepressant use, in order to provide recommendations for the appropriate management of these disorders. Methodology: The systematic literature was carried out on mental health during pregnancy and postpartum and the use of antidepressants. The PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles from 2013 to 2024. Relevant studies on mental disorders and antidepressants were included, excluding articles with inadequate methodologies.Results and Discussion: The review showed a high prevalence of mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. -childbirth, with depression being the most common, affecting 10% to 15% of women. Antidepressants, especially SSRIs, are used, but their safety is controversial, with potential risks such as low birth weight and prematurity. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as CBT, are effective and can be a safe alternative, especially with good social support. Multidisciplinary approaches and case studies highlight the importance of personalized treatments and informed decisions. Final Considerations: Mental disorders, especially depression, are common in pregnancy and postpartum. The class of antidepressants, such as SSRIs, are effective but have potential risks. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as CBT, are safe and effective alternatives, especially with good social support. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for personalized treatments. More research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of antidepressants and explore new therapeutic options.