THE IMPACT OF ECLAMPSIA ON MATERNAL-FETAL MORTALITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/pbpc.v3i2.244Keywords:
Eclampsia, Fetal Mortality, Maternal Mortality, PregnancyAbstract
Eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by convulsions and high blood pressure, which can threaten the health of both mother and baby if not treated promptly. Although relatively rare, the disease affects around 1 to 2 women in every 1,000 pregnancies, and its clinical picture is marked by convulsions, severe hypertension and signs of organ damage, often preceded by pre-eclampsia. The disease can be prevented by regular blood pressure monitoring and the use of drugs such as aspirin in high-risk pregnant women. In view of the possibility of preventing the disease, as well as its treatment in the event of early diagnosis, in addition to the high mortality rate associated with eclampsia, which causes irreparable damage to the mother and fetus, this study is justified, with the aim of assessing the impact of eclampsia on maternal and fetal mortality. To this end, a literature search was carried out using original and review articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish over the last 23 years in the main theoretical reference databases, such as SciELO and PubMed, in order to ensure greater reliability of the study. It was found that eclampsia presents a high risk of mortality for the pregnant woman and the newborn, through serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhages and kidney failure or growth restriction and prematurity, respectively. The prevention of eclampsia involves different methods, such as strict blood pressure control and the use of aspirin in high-risk pregnant women. In addition, treatment consists of the administration of antihypertensive drugs and magnesium sulphate, which helps prevent seizures. Corticosteroids are also a therapeutic option as they help with fetal lung maturation and reduce the risk of neonatal complications due to prematurity, as well as improving placental function and relieving symptoms associated with the disease. In severe cases, early delivery is also an option to protect maternal and fetal health. Early recognition of eclampsia is therefore essential, as it not only facilitates treatment and improves clinical prognosis, but also reduces the risks of maternal and fetal complications and mortality associated with the disease.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Rayssa Almeida Nogueira, Maria Eduarda Miniño Ferrari, Vinícius Rodrigues Mendonça, Lavínia Lages Almeida, Nicole Almeida Ramos Jaegge, Robison Antônio Coelho Junior, Núbia Marques Pacheco, Pedro Henrique Garcia Couto Martins, Fernanda Nathália Sousa Santana, Tiago de Carvalho Sousa Alves, Otavio Soares Torezani, Henrique Ramos Marcarini, Alexia Fernanda de Souza Ribeiro Vieira
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