MINDFULNESS E TRANSTORNOS PSICÓTICOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

The spectrum of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders is characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and negative symptoms. Given the strong impact generated by psychotic symptoms in different areas of the individual's life, it is essential to develop therapeutic options that can alleviate residual and refractory symptoms and provide a better quality of life. Mindfulness programs emerge as potential tools for the relief of symptoms related to chronic illnesses, stress and emotional distress. Thus, this study sought to assess how Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been addressed in the scientific literature in the context of psychosis. An integrative literature review was carried out using the PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde databases, with the descriptors Schizophrenia, Meditation, Mindfulness and Psychotic Disorders. The search was executed in 2020 and eleven articles of clinical trials, in Portuguese or English, published in the last 10 years were included. The publications evidenced different types of applied MBIs, which, for the most part, were adapted or based on intervention protocols developed in other studies. To assess the results of the interventions used, most authors also chose to use pre-established and validated assessment instruments. The results found depended on the type of IBM used, the context in which they were implemented, its target audience, the proposed objectives and the evaluation measures used. Benefits were found related to the reduction of psychotic, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, reduction of stress and general and symptom-related suffering, improvement of mood and levels of attention and psychosocial functioning, improvement of work function and mindfulness performance, improvement in hospitalization, recovery and general health parameters, and increased awareness of oneself, the disease and its treatment. Thus, we conclude that MBIs are tools with promissing results that can be added to the pharmacological treatment of psychotic disorders, as viable and safe complementary therapeutic options.