Women undergoing breast cancer treatment and the developmente of neuropsychiatric disorders
A systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/pbpc.v4i1.296Keywords:
Breast Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, Mental Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, NeuropsychiatryAbstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, posing a serious public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2.3 million women were diagnosed in 2020, totaling 7.8 million women living with malignant breast tumors in the last 5 years. In Brazil, according to data from the epidemiological surveillance of the National Cancer Institute (INCA), the disease affected approximately 30.1% of women in the year 2023. Given the high prevalence of this pathology, it is of paramount importance to evaluate and investigate the effects of different types of treatment, in the medium and long term, particularly regarding cognitive impairment, mood disorders, body image issues, emotional stress, anxiety, and sexuality, which ultimately negatively impact therapeutic adherence and quality of life, consequently increasing the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the type of breast cancer treatment in women and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted in three databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), and Scielo. The following descriptors (searched by Health Sciences Descriptors - DeCS) were used: "Mental disorders" AND "Breast Neoplasms" AND "Therapy" AND "Female". The following filters were applied: free full text, primary studies, conducted in humans, written in Portuguese or English, and all articles published between 2013 and 2023 were selected. A total of 75 articles were selected to compose this review, and the following epidemiological data regarding the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment were found: higher prevalence in the age groups of 40 to 59 years and 60 to 79 years, higher frequency of women with breast cancer still in the early stages (0-II), the most studied therapeutic modality was chemotherapy, and the most documented neuropsychiatric disorder was cognitive impairment. In conclusion, there is a need for a humanized and patient-centered approach in breast cancer treatment, recognizing and responding to the complex interactions between physical disease and emotional and psychological aspects, aiming to improve quality of life and positive outcomes for all.
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