DESENVOLVIMENTO DIAGNÓSTICO NO RASTREAMENTO DA PRÉ-ECLÂMPSIA

Abstract

Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, characterized as pregnancy toxemia and a multisystem disease. It typically occurs in the advanced stages of pregnancy and presents arterial hypertension, proteinuria and edema as its main characteristics. In severe cases, it can progress to eclampsia, with the development of seizures due to impairment of the central nervous system. Therefore, the objective of the study is to identify the diagnostic development in pre-eclampsia screening. The present study is an integrative literature review, carried out according to the following steps: 1) elaboration of the research question; 2) bibliographic survey; 3) data evaluation; 4) data analysis – division, exposure and comparison; 5) presentation of results. A survey was carried out through the electronic library through the Virtual Health Library (VHL), selecting the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online. With this, the descriptors consulted in the Descriptors in Science and Health were used, being: “Early Diagnosis”, “Pre-Eclampsia” and “Tracking Programs”, using the Boolean operator AND between the descriptors when combined, with the descriptors in English so that there would be a greater number of studies. They received a quantity: MEDLINE (26) and LILACS (2). As organizations and providers incorporate new guidelines into obstetric care, the categorization of hypertension in pregnancy may similarly change over time. It is likely that providers' diagnosis of hypertension during pregnancy did not reflect all of the most recent guidelines. This may result in fewer cases of hypertension during pregnancy compared with updated diagnostic guidelines, although it is unlikely that we missed the most serious cases. The evolution of diagnostic methods for screening pre-eclampsia has proven fundamental in improving obstetric care. The incorporation of more comprehensive and specific criteria, such as the consideration of liver and kidney functional changes, in addition to hypertension and thrombocytopenia, reflects a significant advance in the early detection and management of this condition.