DOENÇA DE GRAVES NEONATAL: REVISÃO ACERCA DE SEU TRATAMENTO E PROGNÓSTICO

Abstract

Neonatal Graves' Disease is a rare but serious condition resulting from the transplacental passage of thyroid-stimulating antibodies from mothers with Graves' Disease, causing hyperactivity of the thyroid gland in newborns. This review aims to discuss in depth the treatment and prognosis of Neonatal Graves' Disease, addressing current therapeutic approaches, the efficacy of these interventions, and short- and long-term outcomes. The methodology employed involves an analysis of existing literature on the management of Graves' Disease in neonates, focusing on clinical studies and guidelines from recognized medical associations. Treatment involves the use of methimazole and beta-adrenergic blockers as the first line, with the addition of iodine and glucocorticoids in more severe cases. Rigorous monitoring of T4L and T3 levels is essential to adjust medication doses. The discussion reveals that although most cases resolve spontaneously between 3 and 12 weeks, long-term follow-up is necessary due to the risk of transient or central hypothyroidism. The conclusion highlights that with appropriate and prompt therapy, the prognosis is generally favorable, although there may be adverse effects on neurological development and growth. This review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical outcomes and promote the healthy development of neonates affected by Graves' Disease.