HIPERTENSÃO INTRACRANIANA IDIOPÁTICA OU PSEUDOTUMOR ENCEFÁLICO: UMA REVISÃO ACERCA DE SUA MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS

Abstract

This review article addresses idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, a neurological condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure without an evident cause. IIH is predominantly observed in young overweight women, who frequently present with severe headaches and papilledema. The aim of this study is to discuss the clinical manifestations of IIH, from initial symptoms to the most severe complications. The methodology employed included an extensive review of updated literature and relevant clinical studies on IIH. Scientific articles, clinical trials, and clinical guidelines were analyzed to compile information on the clinical aspects of IIH. The results and discussion reveal that the most common symptoms of IIH are headache, transient visual obscurations, pulsatile tinnitus, photopsia, back pain, retrobulbar pain, diplopia, and sustained visual loss. Headache is the most prevalent manifestation, varying in intensity and frequency, often exacerbated by changes in posture. Visual loss, a severe complication of IIH, can occur gradually or abruptly, especially in fulminant cases. Diplopia and pulsatile tinnitus are additional symptoms that can aid in diagnosis. Physical examination generally reveals papilledema, a characteristic sign of IIH, which can be asymmetric or unilateral. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the main findings and clinical manifestations of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, highlighting that careful identification and evaluation of this pathology are crucial to prevent progression to permanent visual deficits. Additionally, it underscores the importance of advancing studies in this area to improve patient outcomes, thus contributing to the construction of updated knowledge.