GESTAÇÃO E FEOCROMOCITOMA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ACERCA DESTA CONDIÇÃO

Abstract

This article reviews pheochromocytoma in pregnancy, a rare and potentially fatal condition. Pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands, can cause severe hypertension due to the excessive production of catecholamines, further complicating its diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments associated with pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. The methodology included an analysis of updated medical literature, focusing on studies that addressed the incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of pheochromocytoma in pregnant women. The results highlight that paradoxical supine hypertension and the similarity of symptoms to preeclampsia complicate the diagnosis. Studies show that early diagnosis, based on the measurement of fractionated metanephrines and magnetic resonance imaging, is crucial for reducing fetal mortality, which has significantly decreased over the past decades. Clinical management includes alpha-adrenergic blockade and, when necessary, beta-adrenergic blockade. Surgical intervention, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, is controversial but may be necessary in selected cases. Cesarean delivery is preferred to minimize maternal and fetal risks. The conclusion reaffirms the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management, personalized for each patient, aiming to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.