Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: Prognostic Factors and Surgical Implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-9432.2026v5n3p434-441Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCC) accounts for approximately 90% of malignant neoplasms of the mouth, representing a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries. Despite therapeutic advances, overall five-year survival rates remain around 50–60%, mainly due to late diagnosis and the presence of adverse prognostic factors. Among the main factors associated with clinical outcome are tumor invasion depth, cervical lymph node involvement, surgical margin status, histological pattern of invasion, and the presence of perineural or lymphovascular invasion. These parameters directly influence surgical planning, including the need for elective cervical dissection, enlargement of resection margins, and indication of adjuvant therapies. The objective of this study was to critically review, based on literature indexed in PubMed and SciELO, the main prognostic factors of oral SCC and discuss their implications in contemporary surgical practice. Understanding these elements allows for greater therapeutic predictability, better loco-regional control of the disease, and a potential positive impact on patient survival and quality of life.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Bruna Mabilly Dias, Ana Karolina Matos , Maria Eduarda de Almeida Princival, Fabíola Mendes Zubko, Gabriela Kestring Klein , Alessandra Rafaella Krause Biesek , Elane Mendes Zubko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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