A relação do uso não prescrito de psicoestimulantes e suas implicações na saúde mental de estudantes do ensino Superior: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

The non-prescribed use of psychostimulants among university students has become an increasingly discussed practice in the academic context, especially in light of the demands for productivity, performance, and competitiveness in higher education. In this scenario, substances such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and modafinil are often used without medical supervision, with the expectation of improving concentration, reducing fatigue, and enhancing academic performance. This article aimed to analyze, through an integrative literature review, the scientific evidence on the non-prescribed use of psychostimulants among university students and its relationship with mental health and academic performance. The search was conducted in the LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and BVS databases, using descriptors related to psychostimulants, university students, mental health, and academic performance. A total of 972 records were identified, of which 25 studies composed the final sample, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, following the stages of the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram. The results indicated that the non-prescribed use of these substances is associated with factors such as academic pressure, study overload, the search for better performance, self-medication, and peer influence. Although many students report immediate benefits, such as increased attention and energy, the studies also point to important risks, including anxiety, insomnia, irritability, dependence, cardiovascular effects, and impaired psychological well-being. It is concluded that the non-prescribed use of psychostimulants in higher education is a complex phenomenon, shaped by academic, social, and subjective dimensions, requiring educational, preventive, and institutional actions aimed at promoting university students’ mental health.