THE IMPACT OF ADENOID HYPERTROPHY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION

Abstract

The adenoid is a lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx, behind the soft palate, which plays an essential role in the immune system, especially during childhood. Structurally, it is a nodule-like mass of tissue that helps protect the upper airways from pathogens. Physiologically, the adenoid contributes to immune defense by capturing and neutralizing microorganisms that enter through the airways. However, adenoid hypertrophy, which occurs when the adenoid becomes excessively enlarged, can lead to airway obstructions, resulting in breathing difficulties, sleep apnea and other complications. In view of the recurrence of this clinical condition, as well as the progression of the condition, which predisposes to recurrent infections, the present study is justified. Its aim is to assess the impact of adenoid hypertrophy on the quality of life of the pediatric population. To this end, a bibliographic search was carried out using original and review articles published in the last 16 years, in English and Portuguese, in the main reference databases, such as SciELO and PubMed, in order to guarantee the reliability of the information presented. The study revealed that adenoid hypertrophy is a condition capable of affecting up to 50% of the pediatric population in the most prevalent age group (2 to 8 years). In addition, its diagnosis involves a detailed clinical analysis, with a suggestive past history and auxiliary tests such as cephalometric radiography and nasofibroscopy. When diagnosed early and in mild degrees, this condition can be repaired with the use of nasal corticosteroid medication, antihistamines and decongestants, which minimize the obstructive symptoms and reduce the allergic reaction. On the other hand, when it is more severe, surgical intervention may be necessary, using adenoidectomy, which, although invasive, has excellent clinical results. However, in the long term, adenoid hypertrophy can have deteriorating consequences for the quality of life of the pediatric population, increasing the occurrence of recurrent infections, such as rhinosinusitis and otitis media, as well as leading to obstructive sleep apnea due to breathing difficulties. In addition, sleep disorders lead to constant hyperactivity, irritability and difficulty concentrating, compromising the child's physical, motor and intellectual development. Thus, early diagnosis has proven to be fundamental for proper clinical re-establishment, avoiding the complications related to adenoid hypertrophy, allowing for a remission of the condition and, above all, guaranteeing quality of life for the pediatric population.