Multisource feedback in surgical education: a bibliometric and thematic analysis of instruments used to assess non-technical skills
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-9432.2026v5n2p1027-1052Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Non-technical skills play a critical role in surgical practice and are essential determinants of patient safety and surgical performance. Multisource feedback (MSF) represents a structured, behavior-based approach for assessing these competencies through the perspectives of multiple evaluators in clinical environments. This study was conducted as a bibliometric review and thematic analysis of the scientific literature addressing the use of multisource feedback to assess non-technical skills in surgical contexts. Methods: Empirical studies were identified through searches conducted in nine bibliographic databases up to March 2025. Bibliometric techniques were used to characterize publication patterns and thematic structures, while thematic synthesis was used to describe the assessed competencies, instruments, and validation approaches. Results: Fourteen eligible studies were included in the final analysis. The results indicate that the literature on this topic remains limited and is concentrated predominantly in high-income countries. Communication and professionalism emerged as the most frequently assessed competencies, while leadership, teamwork, and decision-making appeared less consistently across studies. Methodological and psychometric investigations predominated among the included publications. Conclusin: Overall, the findings suggest growing scholarly interest in multisource feedback as an approach to evaluating non-technical competencies in surgical education. However, the limited number of studies highlights the need for greater contextual diversity, clearer reporting of validation processes, and further research aimed at strengthening the standardization and cross-cultural adaptation of assessment instruments.
Keywords: multisource feedback. 360-degree feedback. non-technical skills. surgical education.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Francisca Norma Albuquerque Girão Gutiérrez, Ricardo Vianna de Carvalho, Gina Torres Rego Monteiro, Fádia Carvalho Pacheco, Martins Fideles dos Santos Neto , Ruy Garcia Marques
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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